University of Tehran Organizational Culture Management 2423-6942 3 2 2005 06 22 - - 14228 FA Journal Article 1970 01 01 The most of qualitative researchs are based on interpretive paradigm that their principles differ from positivism paradigm and quantitative research. Therefore, qualitative researchers should be aware of exertion the concepts and criteria of the research that roots in positivism paradigm. They should look at these from perspective of existentialism and epistemology of interpretive paradigm. One of the major challenging and ambiguous that qualitative researchers confronted, is the validity in qualitative research. The article examines this subject from various views. The most of qualitative researchs are based on interpretive paradigm that their principles differ from positivism paradigm and quantitative research. Therefore, qualitative researchers should be aware of exertion the concepts and criteria of the research that roots in positivism paradigm. They should look at these from perspective of existentialism and epistemology of interpretive paradigm. One of the major challenging and ambiguous that qualitative researchers confronted, is the validity in qualitative research. The article examines this subject from various views.

University of Tehran Organizational Culture Management 2423-6942 3 2 2005 06 22 - - 14229 FA Journal Article 1970 01 01 With the end of second world war and change in traditional politics of United States and it's involvement into international politics and it's closely cooperation with the other countries, the United States government decided to despatch their experts to undevelopment countries for economic aid. all of the experts conclude that these countries lack the efficient administration. The university professors of United States in the last fifty years studied the comparative administration systems and proffered various models in order to modify the administration systems of undevelopment countries. In this period, the movement of comparative administration is formally beginning. . In this article, I review the different dimensions of this movement. With the end of second world war and change in traditional politics of United States and it's involvement into international politics and it's closely cooperation with the other countries, the United States government decided to despatch their experts to undevelopment countries for economic aid. all of the experts conclude that these countries lack the efficient administration. The university professors of United States in the last fifty years studied the comparative administration systems and proffered various models in order to modify the administration systems of undevelopment countries. In this period, the movement of comparative administration is formally beginning. . In this article, I review the different dimensions of this movement.

University of Tehran Organizational Culture Management 2423-6942 3 2 2005 06 22 - - 14230 FA Journal Article 1970 01 01 In the age of computer communications, VR as a technological innovation affects on idividual' s recognition and this at last leads to the individual recognition of himself or self esteem, that is very important in human relationships. Therefore, this is a question that what is the effect of VR on the individual recognition of himself (self esteem). In this article, we review this subject practivally among the social science students of Azad university, the east Tehran department. The results show the significant relationships between VR and self esteem. In the age of computer communications, VR as a technological innovation affects on idividual' s recognition and this at last leads to the individual recognition of himself or self esteem, that is very important in human relationships. Therefore, this is a question that what is the effect of VR on the individual recognition of himself (self esteem). In this article, we review this subject practivally among the social science students of Azad university, the east Tehran department. The results show the significant relationships between VR and self esteem.

University of Tehran Organizational Culture Management 2423-6942 3 2 2005 06 22 - - 14231 FA Journal Article 1970 01 01 The misson of higher education in every country was arised from interaction of different factors and evolved during the 20th century. Some phenomena such as globalization, virtual world, new structures, technology development, and so on, necessitate the reviewing the planing, policymaking and structures of higer education systems. This movement was begun in some countries such as china japan, Australia and Malaysia during the 1980s. in this article the perspective of situation today's world is offerd and finally, by using the experience and writings of researchers present some suggestion about this topic. The misson of higher education in every country was arised from interaction of different factors and evolved during the 20th century. Some phenomena such as globalization, virtual world, new structures, technology development, and so on, necessitate the reviewing the planing, policymaking and structures of higer education systems. This movement was begun in some countries such as china japan, Australia and Malaysia during the 1980s. in this article the perspective of situation today's world is offerd and finally, by using the experience and writings of researchers present some suggestion about this topic.

University of Tehran Organizational Culture Management 2423-6942 3 2 2005 06 22 - - 14232 FA Journal Article 1970 01 01 Information Technology has had a major impact on all of the area of the life of human, such as economics, business and jobs, so that an electronic copy has appeared for every business phenomena. One of this e-copy is electronic commerce that the useage and implementing of it requires different infrastructures. In This paper we want to answer this question: what are the necessary Infrastructures for Electronic commerce implementing and development in Tehran food industries? The findings (over of 150 sample in Tehran food industries) indicate that Requirement Infrastructures Of Electronic Marketing for use and implementing it in Tehran food industries, are technological, legal, social- cultural and financial Infrastructures. Information Technology has had a major impact on all of the area of the life of human, such as economics, business and jobs, so that an electronic copy has appeared for every business phenomena. One of this e-copy is electronic commerce that the useage and implementing of it requires different infrastructures. In This paper we want to answer this question: what are the necessary Infrastructures for Electronic commerce implementing and development in Tehran food industries? The findings (over of 150 sample in Tehran food industries) indicate that Requirement Infrastructures Of Electronic Marketing for use and implementing it in Tehran food industries, are technological, legal, social- cultural and financial Infrastructures.

University of Tehran Organizational Culture Management 2423-6942 3 2 2005 06 22 - - 14233 FA Journal Article 1970 01 01 Nowadays the reinventing government is discussed as dominant approach in public organization administration. We live in the age of . information explosion, therefore information technology has a high position to us. So, the public organizations require intensively to apply the information technology for reinventing the structures, processes and all of the dimensions of organization. . This article is the outcome of a field research. The authors examined the relationship between information technology and reinventing government during the year 1384 - 1385 in the telecommunication company of Qom province. We identified the criteria for reinventing government, these including customer - driven, mission - driven, decentralization and enterprising. We offered several hypotheses about the criteria of reinventing government and the impact of information technology. Nowadays the reinventing government is discussed as dominant approach in public organization administration. We live in the age of . information explosion, therefore information technology has a high position to us. So, the public organizations require intensively to apply the information technology for reinventing the structures, processes and all of the dimensions of organization. . This article is the outcome of a field research. The authors examined the relationship between information technology and reinventing government during the year 1384 - 1385 in the telecommunication company of Qom province. We identified the criteria for reinventing government, these including customer - driven, mission - driven, decentralization and enterprising. We offered several hypotheses about the criteria of reinventing government and the impact of information technology.