Impacts of Positive Organizational Behavior on the Reduction of Organizational Cynicism and the Mediating Role of Ethical Leadership

Document Type : Research Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management & Accounting, Allameh Tabataba`i, University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Because of increasing importance of dealing with organizational cynicism and reducing its harmful consequences for enterprises, this study attempts to analyze impacts of positive organizational behavior factors on the reduction of organizational cynicism. Psychological capital and psychological empowerment have been considered as the main variables of positive organizational behavior. Therefore, efforts have been made to examine the relationships between positive psychological capital and psychological empowerment and organizational cynicism. Importantly, in the meantime, the role of ethical leadership has been considered as a mediator. This research is a descriptive survey which its statistical population consists of employees of Social Security Branches of Qom Province and required data have been gathered through questionnaires. These data have been analyzed via SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 applications. Results of regression analyses and structural equations tests show that psychological capital, psychological empowerment, and ethical leadership can affect organizational cynicism negatively. While, ethical leadership has a mediating role in these relations.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

الف) فارسی
حسن‌‌پور، اکبر؛ نوری، روح‌الله و کیایی، مجتبی (1388). «بدبینی سازمانی: علل و پیامدهای آن»، فرهنگ مدیریت، سال هفتم، شمارۀ 19، 119-141.
زارع، حمید؛ حق‌گویان، زلفا و کریمی‌اصل، زهرا (1392). «شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر بدبینی سازمانی و سنجش آن در دانشگاه‌های دولتی استان قم»، مدیریت فرهنگ سازمانی، شمارۀ 4، 159-180.
میرکمالی، سیدمحمد؛ حیات، علی‌‌اصغر؛ نوروزی، علی و جراحی، نازنین (1388). «بررسی رابطۀ توانمندسازی روان‌‌شناختی با رضایت شغلی و تعهد سازمانی در میان کارکنان دانشگاه تهران»، دانشور رفتار، شمارۀ 39، 15-31.
ب) انگلیسی
Avey, J. B.; Palanski, M. E. & Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). "When leadership goes unnoticed: The moderating role of follower self-esteem on the relationship between ethical leadership and follower behavior", Journal of Business Ethics, 98, 573–582.
Bagger, J. & Li, A. (2014). "How does supervisory family support influence employees’ attitudes and behaviors? A social exchange perspective", Journal of Management, 40: 1123-1150.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control, Freeman, New York, NY.
Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life, New York: Wiley.
Brown, M. E. & Mitchell, M. S. (2010). "Ethical and unethical leadership: Exploring new avenues for future research," Business Ethics Quarterly, 20, 583–616.
Brown, M. E.; Treviño, L. K. & Harrison, D. A. (2005). "Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117–134.
Byrne, Zinta S. & Hochwarter, Wayne A. (2008). "Perceived organizational support and performance: Relationships across levels of organizational cynicism", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23 (1), 54-72.
Chiaburu, D. S.; Peng, A. C.; Oh, I.; Banks, G. C. & Lomeli, L. C. (2013). "Antecedents and consequences of employee organizational cynicism: a meta-analysis", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83, 181-197.
Colquitt, J. A.; Baer, M. D.; Long, D. M. & Halvorsen-Ganepola, M. D. K. (2014). "Scale indicators of social relationships: A comparison of relative content validity", Journal of Applied Psychology, 99: 599-618.
Davis, W. D. & Gardner, W. L. (2004). "Perceptions of politics and organizational cynicism: An attributional and leader–member exchange perspective", The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 439–465.
DeConinck, J. B. (2014). "Outcomes of ethical leadership among salespeople", Journal of Business Research, 68, 1086-1093.
De Hoogh, A. H. B. & Den Hartog, D. N. (2008). "Ethical and despotic leadership, relationships with leader's social responsibility, top management team effectiveness and subordinates' optimism: A multi-method study", Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 297–311.
Gils, S. V.; Quaquebeke, N. V.; Knippenberg, D. V.; Dijke, M. V. & DeCremer, D. (2015). "Ethical leadership and follower organizational deviance: The moderating role of follower moral attentiveness", The Leadership Quarterly, 26, 190-203.
Gkorezis, P.; Petridou, E. & Xanthiakos, P. (2014). "Leader positive humor and organizational cynicism: LMX as a mediator", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(4), 305-315.
Kacmar, M.; Bachrach, D. G.; Harris, K. J. & Zinuska, S. (2011). "Fostering good citizenship through ethical leadership: Exploring the moderating role of gender and organiza-tional politics", The Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 633–642.
Kalshoven, K.; Hartog, D. N. & DeHoogh, A. H. (2011). "Ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW): Development and validation of a multidimensional measure", The Leadership Quarterly, 22, 51-69.
Kanter, D. & Mirvis, P. (19890. The cynical Americans, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kanungo, R. N. (2001). "Ethical values of transactional and transformational leaders", Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 18, 257−265.
Lorinkova, N. M. & Perry, S. J. (2014). "When Is Empowerment Effective? The Role of Leader-Leader Exchange in Empowering Leadership, Cynicism, and Time Theft", Journal of Management, 20 (10): 1-24.
Luthans, F.; Youssef, C. M. & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Mayer, D. M.; Aquino, K.; Greenbaum, R. L. & Kuenzi, M. (2012). "Who displays ethical leadership, and why does it matter? An examination of antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership", Academy of Management Journal, 55, 151–171.
Neves, P. (2012). "Organizational cynicism: Spillover effects on supervisor–subordinate relationships and performance", The Leadership Quarterly, 23, 965-976.
Peterson, S. J. & Luthans, F. (2003). "The positive impact and development of hopeful leaders", Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 24, 26-31.
Qian, Y. (2007). A communication model of employee cynicism toward organizational change, Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Communication Studies.
Quinones, M; Broeck, A. V. & DeWitte, H. (2015). "Do job resources affect work engagement via psychological empowerment? A mediation analysis", Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29, 127-134.
Rubin, R. S.; Dierdorff, E. C.; Bommer, W. H. & Baldwin, T. T. (2009). "Do leaders reap what they sow? Leader and employee outcomes of leader organizational cynicism about change", The Leadership Quarterly, 20, 680-688.
Seibert, S.E.; Wang, G. & Courtright, S.H. (2011). "Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: A meta- analytic review", Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(5), 981–1003.
Snyder, C. R. (2002). "Hope theory: rainbows in the mind", Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
Spreitzer, G. (2007). "Taking Stock: a review of more than twenty years of research on empowerment at work. In & J. B. C. Cooper (Ed.), Handbook of Organizational Behavior, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). "Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation", Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1442-1465.
Spreitzer, G. M.; Kizilos, M. A. & Nason, S. W. (1997). "A dimensional analysis of the relationship between psychological empowerment and effectiveness, satisfaction and strain", Journal of Management, 23, 679-704.
Walumbwa, F. O.; Mayer, D. M.; Wang, P.; Wang, H.; Workman, K. & Christensen, A. L. (2011). "Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: the roles of leader-member exchange, self-efficacy, and organizational identification", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 204-213.
Wanous, J. P.; Reichers, A. E. & Austin, J. T. (2000). "Cynicism about organizational change: measurement, antecedents, and correlates", Group and Organization Management, 25, 132-153.
Wilkerson, J. M. & Evans, W. R. (2008). "A Test of Coworkers’ Influence on Organizational Cynicism, Badmouthing, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(9), 2273–2292.
Organizational Culture Management
Volume 15, Issue 4
January 2018
Pages 857-877

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics