فراترکیب مطالعات شفافیت با تأکید بر موانع ارتقای شفافیت سازمانی و بازتولید چرخة عدم شفافیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جامعه‌شناسی، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی، جهاد دانشگاهی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی، جهاد دانشگاهی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه روان‌شناسی اجتماعی، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی، جهاد دانشگاهی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با وجود تلاش‌های نظام حکمرانی برای جلوگیری از فساد و ایجاد شفافیت در نظام مدیریتی کشور، در عمل توفیق چندانی حاصل نشده و شاخص‌های شفافیت در کشور روند نزولی دارد. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی و احصای موانع شفافیت در نظم حکمرانی بر اساس پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده در یک دهة گذشته با روش فراترکیب است. تعداد مقالات مورد بررسی برابر با دویست مقاله بود که بعد از تلخیص به سی مقاله کاهش یافت. برای تأمین اعتبار از توافق سه کدگذار و برای تأمین روایی تحقیق نیز از روایی تفسیری و نظری استفاده شد. همچنین بعد از احصا و تجمیع موانع شفافیت، تلاش شد میزان اهمیت هر یک از موانع با نظرخواهی از صاحب‌نظران رتبه‌بندی شود. بر اساس نتایج موانع شفافیت در پنج دسته موانع محیطی و بیرونی، موانع سازمانی و نهادی، موانع قانونی، موانع اجرایی و نظارتی، و ابهام و اغتشاش نظری در مبانی فکری طبقه‌بندی شد. رتبه‌بندی میزان اهمیت موانع شفافیت نشان داد وضعیت نامطلوب فساد اداری و شیوع آن، دخالت‌های حزبی و سیاسی، وجود تعارض منافع، محرمانه بودن اطلاعات سازمانی، وابستگی به منابع طبیعی مانند نفت و گاز، خویشاوندسالاری در سیستم مدیریتی، فقدان آزادی رسانه‌ای، ضعف معنویت و فقدان رهبری اخلاقی، ناکارآمدی طرح‌های حمایت از افشاگران فساد، و ضعف نظام حقوقی در برخورد مؤثر قضایی به ترتیب مهم‌ترین موانع ارتقای شفافیت سازمانی هستند. نتایج نشان داد مجموعة این موانع پنجگانه منجر به کاهش سرمایة اجتماعی و اعتماد و نارضایتی عمومی شده و به بازتولید چرخة عدم ‌شفافیت دامن زده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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