Identifying and Ranking of Individual and Organizational Factors Affecting Transfer of High Technologies at Different Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Strategic Management, Supreme National Defense University, Tehran Iran

2 MSc, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

One of the strategies for achieving the knowledge-based economy and wealth creation is High Technologies Transfer. Depending on their needs, all governments and knowledge-based corporations are transferring High Technologies at different technology readiness levels. In this study, the researcher seeks to identify and rank the individual and organizational factors affecting High Technologies transfer at different levels of readiness. For this purpose, the research method which has been used is qualitative -quantitative. Ten theoretical experts have been interviewed in the qualitative section and 100 practical experts have been interviewed using questionnaires in the quantitative section, also the results were analyzed. In qualitative section, analysis method is coding and in quantitative section, analysis methods are ANOVA and Friedman test. The findings revealed that the influence of individual factors on technology transfer is more than of organizational factors and also suggest this fact that by increasing the level of technology readiness the influence of individual and organizational factors on the success of technology transfer increases. Government and knowledge-based corporations will increase the possibility of success in transfer of High Technologies and will reduce its risks by considering individual and organizational factors that influence the transfer of High Technologies at various technology readiness levels.

Keywords


  1.  

    1. جعفرنژاد، احمد (1373). «طراحی یک الگوی مدیریت انتقال تکنولوژی- صنایع الکترونیک ایران»، پایان­نامۀ دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، صفحات 54- 126.
    2. خلیل، طارق؛ ایزدی، داوود (1388). مدیریت تکنولوژی: موفقیت در رقابت و خلق ثروت. ترجمة سیدمحمد اعرابی، تهران، انتشارات دفتر پژوهش­های فرهنگی.
    3. داوری، علی (1391). دورة آموزشی نرم­افزار Smart PLS. تهران، دانشکدة کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران.
    4. دهقانی، احسان؛ مبلغی، مصطفی (1391). «ارائة الگوی انتخاب مناسب­ترین روش انتقال فناوری با استفاده از تکنیک فرایند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی؛ مطالعة موردی شرکت ایران خودرو دیزل». رشد فناوری، شمارة 31، صفحات 22-12.
    5. سرمد، زهره؛ بازرگان، عباس؛ حجازی، الهه (1388). روش­های تحقیق در علوم رفتاری. تهران، انتشارات آگاه.
    6. فارسیجانی، حسن؛ تیموریان، مهدی (1388). «بررسی عوامل موفقیت انتقال فناوری برای رسیدن به کلاس جهانی (موردکاوی: شرکت هپکو)». چشم­انداز مدیریت، شمارة 32، صفحات 161- 151.
    7. لشکری، معصومه (1378). بررسی جامعه­شناختی انتقال تکنولوژی در قزوین. پایان­نامة کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
    8. هومن، حیدرعلی؛ عسگری، علی (1384). «تحلیل عاملی: دشواری­ها و تنگناهای آن». روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، سال 35، شمارة 2، صفحات 20-1.
    9. یداللهی، جهانگیر؛ امینی، زهرا (1390). «شناسایی عوامل نهادی و محیطی مؤثر بر انتقال فناوری در حوزة زیست‌فناوری». رشد فناوری، سال هفتم، شمارة 28، صفحات 33-27.
    10. Awny, M. M. (2005). "Transfer and implementation processes in developing countries". International Journal of Technology Management, 32, 213–220.
    11. Bach, L.; Cohendet, P.; Schenk, E. (2002). "Technological Transfers from the European Space Programs: A Dynamic View and Comparison with Other R&D Projects". Technology Transfer, 27, 321-338.
    12. Biernacki, P.; Waldorf, D. (1981). "Snowball Sampling: Problems and techniques of Chain Referral Sampling". Sociological methods and research, 10(2), 104- 115.
    13. Bozeman, Barry (2000). "Technology transfer and public policy: a review of research and theory". Research Policy, 29, 627-655.
    14. Gibson, D. V.; Smilor, R. W. (1991). "Key variables in technology transfer: A field-study based empirical analysis". Engineering and Technology Management, 8, 287-312.
    15. Greiner, M. A.; Franza, R. M. (2003). "Barriers and Bridges for Successful Environmental Technology Transfer". Technology Transfer, 28, 167–177.
    16. Harris, D.; Harris, F. J. (2004). "Evaluating the transfer of technology between application domains: a critical evaluation of the human component in the system". Technology in Society, 26, 551–565.
    17. Kumar, U.; Kumar, V.; Dutta, S.; Fantasy, K. (2007). "State sponsored large scale technology transfer project in a developing country context". Technology Transfer, 32, 629-644.
    18. Kuzel, A. J. (1999). Sampling in Qualitative Inquiry, Doing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    19. Lai, W.; Tsai, C. (2009). "Fuzzy rule-based analysis of firm’s technology transfer in Taiwan’s machinery industry". Expert Systems with applications, 36, 12012-12022.
    20. Lee, A. H.; Wang, W.; Lin, T. (2010). "An evaluation framework for technology transfer of new equipment in high technology industry". Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 77, 135-150.
    21. Lin, B.; Berg, D. (2001). "Effects of cultural differences on TT projects: an empirical study of Taiwanese manufacturing companies". International Journal of Project Management, 19, 287-293.
    22. Madu, C. N. (1989). "Transferring technology to developing countries– critical factors for success". Long Range Planning, 22(4), 115 -124.
    23. Movahedi, B., (2003). "Modes of technology transfer in Iranian firms". PhD Dissertation.
    24. NASA, (2004). "Definitions of TRLs for Components and Subsystems/Systems Report".67- 128.
    25. Ragaiitis, R. (1999). "Early-Stage Technology: Valuation & Pricing". John Wiley & Sons.
    26. Szogs, A. (2010). Technology transfer and technological capability building in informal Firms in Tanzania. Doctoral thesis Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy (CIRCLE), Lund, Sweden.
    27. Wang, P. (2004). "An integrated model of Knowledge transfer". World Business, 39, 168-182.