مطالعة تجربی نقش مشوق‌های پولی بر رابطة کمیت و کیفیت ایده‌های کسب‌وکار جدید کارکنان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کارآفرینی سازمانی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 گروه توسعه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 گروه روانشناسی عمومی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 گروه روانشناسی شناختی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش: هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر پاداش‌های مالی در شکل‌گیری و ارزیابی ایده‌های نوآورانه در محیط‌های کارآفرینانه است. با استناد به فرضیة «توهم پرتگاه خلاقیت» و نظریة «ایده‌پردازی محدود» مطالعة حاضر به بررسی تعامل میان کمیت و کیفیت ایده‌های نوین پرداخته و نقش ساختارهای متنوع پاداش در بهبود عملکرد خلاقانة کارکنان را مورد ارزیابی قرار داده است.
روش پژوهش: در یک آزمایش تجربی، ۱۶۸ نفر از کارکنان حوزة فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در سه مدل پاداش (حداکثری، تصادفی، عدم ارائة پاداش) شرکت کردند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها، ابتدا آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن جهت بررسی ارتباط بین کیفیت و کمیت ایده‌ها به کار گرفته شد و سپس از مدل‌های ترکیبی افزایشی تعمیم‌یافته برای سنجش عملکرد کلی ایده‌پردازی استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاکی از آن است که پاداش‌های مالی هم در افزایش تعداد هم در بهبود کیفیت ایده‌ها تأثیر مثبت داشته‌اند؛ درحالی‌که عدم ارائة پاداش منجر به کاهش سطح خلاقیت شده است. همچنین، رابطة میان کمیت و کیفیت ایده‌ها به صورت منحنی U وارونه ظاهر شد؛ طوری که افزایش تعداد ایده‌ها تا نقطه‌ای کیفیت را ارتقا می‌بخشد و پس از آن شاهد کاهش کیفیت هستیم. پاداش‌های تصادفی بیشترین تأثیر را در ارتقای اصالت و تازگی و ارزش اقتصادی بالقوة ایده‌ها نشان دادند.
نتیجه: بر این اساس، سازمان‌ها با اتخاذ طرح‌های پاداش انعطاف‌پذیر و هوشمندانه می‌توانند نوآوری مستمر را تقویت و از کاهش انگیزه و اشباع ذهنی کارکنان جلوگیری کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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